ANZAC Day 2025: Honoring 110 Years of Courage & Sacrifice
INTRODUCTION
ANZAC Day, observed annually on April 25, is one of the most significant national days of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand. It marks the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings in 1915, the first major military campaign involving Australian and New Zealand forces during World War I.
Over the years, ANZAC Day has evolved into a broader day of remembrance and reflection, honoring all servicemen and women who have fought in conflicts past and present. In 2025, ANZAC Day will mark its 110th anniversary, making it a significant occasion to reflect on its history, traditions, and continued significance.
What is ANZAC Day?
Historical Background and Significance
ANZAC Day, observed annually on April 25, is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand. It marks the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings in 1915, the first major military campaign involving troops from both nations during World War I.
At the time, Australia and New Zealand were Dominions of the British Empire, and their troops fought as part of the Allied Powers. The objective of the Gallipoli Campaign was to capture the Dardanelles Strait and weaken the Ottoman Empire. Still, due to strong enemy resistance, poor planning, and harsh conditions, the campaign resulted in heavy casualties, with over:
- 8,700 Australian soldiers killed
- 2,700 New Zealand soldiers killed
- Over 55,000 Allied troops lost their lives
Although Gallipoli was ultimately a military failure, the bravery and resilience displayed by the ANZAC soldiers profoundly impacted both nations, shaping their emerging national identities and fostering a strong spirit of mateship, sacrifice, and perseverance.
The Origin of ANZAC Day
After the Gallipoli Campaign ended, Australians and New Zealanders began organizing commemorative services to honor the fallen soldiers. The first ANZAC Day was observed on April 25, 1916, marking the first anniversary of the Gallipoli landings.
The earliest memorial services were held in several key locations, including:
- Australia and New Zealand, where national ceremonies took place.
- Egypt, where many ANZAC troops had been stationed.
- London, where ANZAC soldiers marched through the city.
- The Western Front, where ANZAC forces continued to fight in World War I.
Initially, ANZAC Day was dedicated solely to Gallipoli veterans, but over time, its meaning expanded. It became a day to honor all Australian and New Zealand soldiers who had served in various wars, including:
- World War II (1939-1945)
- The Korean War (1950-1953)
- The Vietnam War (1955-1975)
- Recent conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and peacekeeping missions worldwide
The growth of ANZAC Day was accompanied by its official recognition as a national public holiday. By 1927, all Australian states and territories had formally recognized ANZAC Day as a public holiday. By 1930, New Zealand also declared it a national day of remembrance.
Today, ANZAC Day is more than just a military commemoration. Australians and New Zealanders must reaffirm their national values, educate younger generations about history and sacrifice, and express gratitude to those who have served to defend peace and freedom.
Meaning of ANZAC: Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
ANZAC stands for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, a joint military force established in 1914. The soldiers within this force became known as Anzacs, and their legacy of bravery, mateship, and endurance has been honored for over a century.
The ANZACs fought not only at Gallipoli but also in:
- The Western Front during World War I (1916-1918)
- North Africa and Europe during World War II
- The Pacific Theater against Japan in World War II
Today, ANZAC is more than just a military acronym—it represents a national spirit, a sense of unity, and a commitment to remembering those who served and sacrificed.
Why is ANZAC Day Important for Australia and New Zealand?
Shaping National Identity
Before World War I, Australia and New Zealand were still considered British colonies, strongly loyal to the British Empire. However, after the Gallipoli Campaign, perceptions of national identity in both countries shifted significantly.
Although the campaign was not a military success, the resilience and courage displayed by the ANZAC troops helped foster a sense of national pride and independence. Many Australians and New Zealanders began to see ANZAC soldiers as symbols of their nations’ unique spirit rather than just members of the British military. This contributed to the gradual assertion of political and military autonomy in the following decades.
ANZAC Day became a national symbol, a day to remember those who had fallen and reaffirm the core values that define both countries: bravery, mateship, and perseverance.
Broadening the Scope of Remembrance
Originally, ANZAC Day was focused solely on the Gallipoli Campaign. Still, its significance expanded over time to honor all Australian and New Zealand soldiers who served in conflicts worldwide.
Today, ANZAC Day also commemorates:
- Soldiers who fought in World War II, including battles in Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific.
- Troops involved in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and modern conflicts, such as Iraq and Afghanistan.
- Australia and New Zealand’s peacekeeping missions, where their forces have played key roles in humanitarian and stabilization efforts worldwide.
This evolution ensures that ANZAC Day remains a dynamic and relevant day of remembrance, reflecting both the military history and the global contributions of both nations.
Significance in Modern Society
Today, ANZAC Day is a day of military remembrance and an opportunity for younger generations to learn about history. Schools across Australia and New Zealand incorporate ANZAC education programs, helping students understand past sacrifices and the importance of peace.
In addition, many young people participate in commemorative events, such as pilgrimages to Gallipoli, where they can experience history firsthand. Traditional ceremonies like the Dawn Service and the Minute of Silence continue to connect generations, ensuring that the sacrifices of past soldiers are never forgotten.
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Traditions and Observances
ANZAC Day is deeply rooted in tradition, with solemn observances and symbolic acts of remembrance that honor the sacrifices of Australian and New Zealand service members. These traditions, established over decades, continue to hold profound meaning for communities across both nations.
Dawn Services
The Dawn Service is one of the most iconic and solemn traditions of ANZAC Day. Held in the early hours, usually around 4:30 AM, commemorates the exact time ANZAC troops landed at Gallipoli in 1915.
The ceremony includes:
- Opening prayers and hymns to honor the fallen.
- The Last Post bugle call, followed by a minute of silence.
- The recitation of “For the Fallen”, particularly the famous line: “At the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them.”
- “Reveille” or “Rouse” is played to signify the continuation of life.
Dawn Services are held at war memorials, military cemeteries, and cenotaphs across Australia and New Zealand, as well as at overseas sites such as Gallipoli and Villers-Bretonneux in France.
Parades and Marches
Following the Dawn Service, ANZAC Day marches and parades occur in major cities and towns across Australia and New Zealand. Participants include:
- Veterans proudly wear their medals.
- Current service members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF).
- Family members of fallen soldiers marching in honor of their relatives.
- Community groups and school children show their respect for past and present service members.
The largest marches occur in Sydney, Melbourne, Wellington, and Auckland, where thousands of spectators line the streets to pay tribute.
The Last Post and Reveille
Two distinct bugle calls are played during ANZAC Day services:
- The Last Post: A solemn, emotional tune marking the end of a soldier’s duty and honoring those who have died in service.
- Reveille (or Rouse): Played after a minute of silence, symbolizing the awakening of the fallen and the continuation of life.
These musical elements create a deeply reflective moment, reinforcing the importance of remembrance.
ANZAC Biscuits
ANZAC biscuits have become a beloved symbol of resilience and care, originally baked by families and sent to soldiers during World War I. Their ingredients—oats, golden syrup, flour, coconut, butter, and baking soda—were chosen for their ability to last long without refrigeration.
Today, baking and sharing ANZAC biscuits remains a cherished tradition, connecting modern generations to those who served.
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Wearing of Rosemary
Rosemary, often worn pinned to clothing or placed on wreaths, is a traditional symbol of remembrance on ANZAC Day. This tradition stems from wild rosemary growing abundantly on the Gallipoli Peninsula, serving as a natural connection to the battlefield.
Wearing rosemary is a simple yet powerful act, signifying respect and remembrance for those who have served.
Two-Up
Two-Up, a traditional Australian gambling game, is legally played only on ANZAC Day as a tribute to soldiers who played it during World War I. The game involves:
- A “spinner” tossing two coins into the air.
- Players are betting on whether the coins will land heads, tails, or one of each.
Historically, soldiers played Two-Up in their downtime to boost morale and camaraderie. Today, it is a lively and nostalgic part of ANZAC Day celebrations, with licensed venues and RSL clubs hosting games nationwide.
ANZAC Day 2025: The 110th Anniversary
ANZAC Day 2025 marks 110 years since the Gallipoli landings, making it a particularly significant milestone. This anniversary will be commemorated through major national and international events, educational programs, and digital initiatives to engage older generations and today’s youth.
Planned National Events
Australia and New Zealand will host special ceremonies in major cities, including:
| Canberra, Australia | Dawn Service at Australian War Memorial – 5:30 AM (AEST) Veterans’ March – 9:30 AM (AEST) Last Post Ceremony – 4:30 PM (AEST) |
| Wellington, New Zealand | Dawn Service at Pukeahu National War Memorial Park – 6:00 AM (NZST) Veterans’ Parade & Wreath-laying Ceremony – 11:00 AM (NZST) |
| Sydney, Australia | Dawn Service at Martin Place Cenotaph – 4:20 AM (AEST) Veterans’ Parade through Sydney CBD – 9:00 AM (AEST) |
| Melbourne, Australia | Dawn Service at Shrine of Remembrance – 5:30 AM (AEST) ANZAC Day March – 9:00 AM (AEST) |
Gallipoli Pilgrimages
Thousands of Australians and New Zealanders are expected to travel to Gallipoli, Turkey, for the official Dawn Service at ANZAC Cove.
Dawn Service at ANZAC Commemorative Site, Gallipoli – 5:30 AM (TRT – Turkey Time)
This pilgrimage holds deep emotional significance, as attendees will stand where ANZAC troops once landed, hearing firsthand accounts, historical reenactments, and reflections from descendants of soldiers.
The Turkish government will also host commemorative events, acknowledging the shared history between Turkey and the ANZAC nations.
International Events
| Villers-Bretonneux, France | Dawn Service at Australian National Memorial – 5:30 AM (CEST – Central European Summer Time) Town of Villers-Bretonneux Commemorative Ceremony – 8:30 AM (CEST) Bullecourt Memorial Ceremony (French Tribute) – 3:00 PM (CEST) Bullecourt Memorial Ceremony (Australian Tribute) – 4:00 PM (CEST) |
These ceremonies in France honor the ANZAC troops who fought on the Western Front during World War I.
Educational Initiatives
To ensure that the legacy of the ANZACs is passed on to future generations, schools, museums, and historical institutions will launch special projects, including:
- Interactive exhibitions at war memorials and museums, displaying artifacts and letters from ANZAC soldiers.
- School essay competitions on the significance of ANZAC Day in modern society.
- Documentaries and podcasts featuring untold stories of soldiers, nurses, and wartime experiences.
How to Participate in ANZAC Day 2025
- Attend Local and National Events: Join Dawn Services, parades, and wreath-laying ceremonies across Australia & New Zealand to honor ANZAC heroes.
- Experience ANZAC Day Online: Can’t attend? Watch livestreams from Gallipoli, explore virtual battlefields, or share tributes via #ANZACDay2025.
- Support Veterans and Military Charities: Donate to the Returned & Services League of Australia (RSL) and the Royal New Zealand Returned & Services Association (RSA), or volunteer to assist veterans. Every action makes a difference!
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Personal Stories and Legacy of ANZAC Servicemen and Women
The personal stories of ANZAC servicemen and women offer a deeper connection to their sacrifices, courage, and camaraderie. Behind every name on a memorial is a tale of resilience and heroism that inspires future generations.
Highlighting Individual Acts of Bravery
One of the most remarkable figures is Corporal Alexander Burton, a recipient of the Victoria Cross for his extraordinary bravery at Lone Pine, Gallipoli. On August 9, 1915, Burton and his comrades fought fiercely to defend their trench against relentless Ottoman counterattacks.
As enemy forces breached their defenses, Burton risked his life to rebuild the barricades under heavy fire. Despite their efforts, an enemy grenade explosion took his life. However, his heroism ensured that the ANZACs held their position, making his sacrifice a symbol of unwavering dedication and courage.
Contributions from Diverse Backgrounds
Beyond the well-documented stories of ANZAC troops, Indigenous Australians, Māori, and Torres Strait Islanders played a crucial role in the armed forces.
During World War I, over 1,000 Indigenous Australians enlisted despite facing discrimination and being initially barred from service. Many hoped that their contribution would lead to equal rights upon returning home, but sadly, they were denied the same veterans’ benefits as their comrades.
In New Zealand, the 28th Māori Battalion gained a formidable reputation during World War II, fighting bravely in North Africa, Greece, Crete, and Italy. Their battle cry, haka “Ka Mate”, became a symbol of strength and warrior spirit, much like it is today in New Zealand rugby.
Their contributions demonstrate that the ANZAC spirit transcends race and background, recognizing only the courage and loyalty of those who served.
Preserving Stories through Digital Archives
Today, technology plays a vital role in preserving the ANZAC legacy, ensuring that future generations can engage with history meaningfully.
The For Evermore Initiative, led by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC), collects and digitizes ANZAC soldiers’ letters, photographs, and personal diaries. This initiative allows families and historians to honor the fallen beyond just names on a monument.
Additionally, virtual reality (VR) experiences now enable people to explore historic battlefields like Gallipoli, bringing history to life in an immersive way.
CONCLUSION
ANZAC Day 2025 marks 110 years since the Gallipoli landings, a powerful reminder of ANZAC troops’ bravery, sacrifice, and resilience. Over time, this day has grown to honor all Australian and New Zealand service members who have fought for their nations.
As we reflect on this milestone, we reaffirm our commitment to remembering their legacy—through dawn services, marches, and ongoing support for veterans. Bypassing these stories to future generations ensures the ANZAC spirit of courage and unity lives on.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What day is Anzac Day in 2025?
The Anzac Day holiday is always recognized and observed on April 25 every year.
2. What is ANZAC Day, and Why is it Celebrated?
ANZAC Day, observed on April 25, marks the Gallipoli landings in 1915 and honors all Australian and New Zealand service members who have served in conflicts. It is commemorated with dawn services, parades, and moments of reflection.
3. Should You Say “Happy ANZAC Day”?
No, ANZAC Day is a day of remembrance, not celebration. Instead, saying “Thank you for your service” is a respectful gesture.
4. What Symbol Represents ANZAC Day?
Rosemary is the traditional symbol, as it grows wild on the Gallipoli Peninsula, representing remembrance and the soldiers’ connection to the land. Poppies are also worn as a tribute.
